完全倒装

1. 状语或表语位于居首时的倒装

为了保持句子平衡或使上下文斜街紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：

Among these people was his friend Jim

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.

在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致

比较：In the box was a cat.      In the box were some cats.

2. here, there位于句首的倒装

表示地点的here，there位于句首，其后完全倒装；这类倒装的谓语通常是动词be，come，go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词

Here is Tom

Here comes the bus.

There goes the bell.

There goes the last train.

1) 注意以上倒装句中的谓语动词come, go不能用于进行时态

2）若主语为代词，则不倒装

Here i am

Here it comes.

3）其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词（表示存在）：

There stood a desk against the wall.

Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef.

3. away, down等谓语句首时的倒装

地点副词away, down, in , off, out, over, round, up等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：

Away went the runners.

The door opened and in came Mr Smith.

Down came the rain and up want the umbrellas.

注意若主语为人称代词，则不倒装

Away he went.

Down it came.

4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装

有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词和不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。

Buried in the sand was an ancient village.

Standing besides the table was his life.

To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑

部分倒装

1. many a time和next等表示时间、次序或顺序的副词位于句首时常要倒装

Many a time have i seen her taking a walk alone.(Many a time i have...)

Often have i heard it said that it's a good book.

Next came a man in his forties.

Long did we wait before hearing from her.

2. 当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修饰状语时用正常语序

Only in this way can we learn English well

You can learn English well only in this way.

Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion

You can come to a sound conclusion only when you have obtained sufficient data.

3. 具有否定意义或否定形式的词或词组，位于句首时用倒装，不位句首用正常语序。

4. 英语中有的让步状语从句中可用as, though等引起的倒装结构表示，其结构一般为“形容词（副词、动词、分词）+as(though)+主语+谓语”

Young as she is, she has seen much of the world.

Strange though it may appear, it's true.

Try as i might, i could not bring him round.

5. whether + it+ (should) be A or B 倒装后为：Be  it  A or B

Be a man ever so rich, he ought not to be idle.

Be he king or slave, he shall be punished.

6. 为加强语气，so(such)...that结构中，so,that位于句首倒装；to such a degree(an extent), to such lengths等介词短语位于句首时也要用倒装

So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal. （倒装）

He walked so fast that none of us was his equal. （正常）

7. 比较状语从句和方式状语从句用倒装

She works as hard as does anyone else in the factory.

Flying demands a much greater supply of energy than do most other forms of transportation.

8. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, had, should，可以把他们放在句首，省去连词if，变成倒装句。

Were it not for your help, i wouldn't have got what i have today.

Had i known it earlier, i wouldn't have lent him the money.

Should he act like that again, he would be punished.

反义疑问句

反义疑问句可以表示真实的疑问，也可表示说话者的某种倾向、强调、或反问。反义疑问句的前后两个部分，若前一部分为肯定式，后部分一般用否定式；若前部分为否定，后部分用肯定。

构成：主句，助动词/情态动词/系动词（not）+主语？

例子：Things were not as you imagined, were they?

否定转移

I/We think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel等+宾从

I don't think he can finish the work, can he?